Stroke: Causes, Types, and Modern Treatments
Stroke, a serious health condition, has been recognised for centuries. Its cause and treatment have evolved over time, with significant advancements in recent years.
Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is impaired, either by a blood clot or broken vessel. This can lead to sudden weakness, paralysis, and other symptoms. There are two main types: ischemic, caused by a clot, and hemorrhagic, due to a burst vessel.
The understanding of stroke's cause, impaired blood flow, developed gradually in medical science. Early observations date back to antiquity, with Hippocrates recognising it over 2,400 years ago. Significant contributions were made by various physicians, particularly after the 17th century, as anatomical and pathological knowledge advanced.
Today, strokes are treated using various methods. For ischemic strokes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can break up clots if administered within 4.5 hours. Mechanical thrombectomy can physically remove a clot within 24 hours. Surgical clipping and endovascular coiling are used for ruptured brain aneurysms. Carotid endarterectomy can prevent strokes by removing blockages.
Stroke is preventable in up to 80% of cases. Managing risk factors, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk.
Stroke, a leading cause of death, is a serious health concern. However, with advancements in treatment methods and preventative strategies, millions have survived it. Understanding its cause and seeking timely medical attention are crucial for better outcomes.
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