Psoriatic arthritis (PsA): A dissection of symptoms, treatment methods, and additional insights
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune condition that can affect various parts of the body, including joints, skin, and nails. It typically manifests between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur at any age.
This condition is characterised by symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, swelling, skin lesions, nail changes, enthesitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in some cases, uveitis, and pain and swelling where the tendons meet the bone. It's crucial to seek medical attention promptly, as psoriatic arthritis can lead to permanent joint damage if left untreated.
Luckily, there are several treatment options available to help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods are commonly used.
Non-pharmacological treatments include ice or heat therapy, exercise, physical therapy, and the use of assistive devices. Ice or heat can help reduce swelling and ease pain and stiffness in the joints. Gentle exercises like walking, water aerobics, yoga, or tai chi are recommended to maintain joint mobility. Physical therapy can provide tailored exercises to restore joint function and range of motion. Assistive devices like jar openers and canes can help reduce strain on joints.
Pharmacological treatments range from over-the-counter medications to prescription drugs. Over-the-counter options include Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and acetaminophen, and topical medications such as diclofenac (Voltaren) in gel, cream, or patch forms. Prescription medications include corticosteroids for inflammation reduction, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), and other therapies like Abatacept (ORENCIA).
DMARDs are further divided into Conventional Synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), Biological DMARDs (bDMARDs), and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs). csDMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine, while bDMARDs target TNF, IL-12/23, IL-17A, IL-23-p19, and others. tsDMARDs include apremilast (PDE4 inhibitor) and tofacitinib (JAK inhibitor).
In addition to these treatments, maintaining a moderate weight, consuming foods with anti-inflammatory properties, and avoiding arthritis triggers can also help manage symptoms. Foods rich in antioxidants may also provide relief.
It's essential to consult a rheumatologist for a proper diagnosis, as they can order tests such as blood tests, MRIs, X-rays, and ultrasounds to help verify a diagnosis and rule out other causes.
Lastly, emerging treatments are being explored through clinical trials to further improve outcomes for patients with psoriatic arthritis. Regular exercise and movement play an essential part in treatment, as they can help maintain mobility and flexibility and reduce stiffness in the joints.
Remember, while there is currently no cure for psoriatic arthritis, early treatment can help slow disease progression and prevent permanent joint damage. If you suspect you may have psoriatic arthritis, don't hesitate to seek medical advice.
- Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune entity that can affect various parts of a person's body, notably including joints, skin, and nails.
- It's characterised by symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, swelling, skin lesions, nail changes, enthesitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in some cases, uveitis, and pain and swelling where the tendons meet the bone.
- There are several treatment options established to help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression for people with psoriatic arthritis.
- Non-pharmacological treatments like ice or heat therapy, exercise, physical therapy, and the use of assistive devices can help reduce symptoms and improve joint function.
- Pharmacological treatments range from over-the-counter medications to prescription drugs, with options like Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and topical medications, as well as corticosteroids, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), and other therapies.
- DMARDs can be distinguished into Conventional Synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), Biological DMARDs (bDMARDs), and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs), each targeting different components of the immune system.
- In addition to treatments, maintaining a moderate weight, consuming foods with anti-inflammatory properties, and avoiding arthritis triggers can help manage symptoms more effectively.
- Regular exercise and movement are crucial during treatment, as they can help maintain mobility and flexibility and reduce stiffness in the joints, while also improving overall health-and-wellness and skin-care.
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