Identifying 12 Symptoms of Drug Misuse in Adolescents
In the complex world of adolescence, it's essential for parents and carers to be vigilant about potential signs of substance abuse. Active listening, empathy, and open communication are key when discussing this sensitive topic with teens.
When trying to identify a teen showing signs of substance abuse, watch out for both physical and behavioural red flags. These may include frequent nosebleeds or a runny nose without a clear cause, bloodshot or glassy eyes, sudden weight loss or gain, changes in appetite, the presence of drug paraphernalia, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or depression, withdrawal from family, friends, and previously enjoyed activities, declining academic performance, secretive or dishonest behaviour, changes in social circles, poor hygiene, unusual smells on breath or clothing, changes in sleep patterns, extreme fatigue, self-harming or destructive behaviours, and changes in social circles.
Although many of these signs can overlap with typical adolescent changes or mental health issues, they do not confirm substance abuse but strongly warrant further attention and possibly professional evaluation.
Approaching a teen suspected of substance abuse requires effective communication strategies. Initiate honest, calm, and non-judgmental conversations that create a safe space for the teen to share feelings and concerns without fear of punishment or blame. Use active listening to truly understand their perspective and avoid confrontational language. Express your care and concern rather than anger or disappointment. Avoid assumptions or accusations; focus on specific observed behaviours and expressed emotions. Encourage professional assessment by a family doctor or addiction specialist to clarify the situation and explore treatment options.
Early intervention through empathetic dialogue combined with professional guidance has the best chance of preventing escalation and supporting recovery. Ryan Erispe, the head of the clinical department at The Cabin, a renowned drug and alcohol rehab in Thailand, emphasises the importance of open, judgment-free communication and seeking professional help when appropriate to ensure timely support and treatment.
Parents and carers can make a difference by talking openly about the risks, staying actively involved in their teen's life, encouraging healthy activities, setting clear expectations, and seeking help early when warning signs appear. Using "I" statements, such as "I've noticed you've been more withdrawn and your grades have dropped. I'm worried about you," shows concern without blame.
The most commonly abused substances among teens include alcohol, marijuana, nicotine (often through vapes), prescription drugs like painkillers or stimulants, and even over-the-counter medicines like cough syrup. Avoiding ultimatums can help prevent the teen from being pushed further away.
In summary, look for physical signs (bloodshot eyes, weight change), behavioural shifts (withdrawal, mood swings, secrecy), and social changes (new friends, loss of interest in activities) as red flags. Approach your teen with open, judgment-free communication, prioritise understanding, and seek professional help when appropriate to ensure timely support and treatment.
Engage in self-care practices to maintain one's mental health, especially when dealing with the complexities of adolescence. The importance of self-care in health-and-wellness cannot be overstated, as it aids in managing stress, enhancing emotional resilience, and promoting overall wellbeing.
Health professionals often advocate for integrating self-care into daily routines, as it helps individuals to manage their physical and mental health more effectively. Practices such as mindfulness, exercise, and restorative activities can significantly improve one's ability to handle challenging situations, including discussions about substance abuse and mental health with teens.
