Eye Redness: Causes and Solutions
A subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH), characterized by a sudden bright red patch on the white part of the eye, is a common and generally harmless condition. This occurs when a tiny blood vessel in the eye breaks, causing blood to pool beneath the conjunctiva—the transparent membrane that covers the surface of the eye.
### Common Causes of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Several factors can lead to SCH, including sudden increases in pressure due to intense coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting, or straining during bowel movements. Trauma or injury to the eye, such as rubbing it vigorously, can also cause SCH. Other causes may include medications like blood thinners, underlying medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or blood clotting disorders, and eye surgery or contact lens use. In some cases, the cause remains unknown.
### Treatment Options
Typically, no specific treatment is required for SCH, as the blood is gradually reabsorbed over 1 to 2 weeks. The colour of the hemorrhage may change like a bruise (yellow or green) as it heals. Artificial tears may be used if there is irritation or dryness. Addressing any underlying causes, such as controlling blood pressure or stopping blood thinners under medical guidance, is essential.
### Prevention Strategies
Preventing SCH involves avoiding activities that cause sudden increases in pressure, protecting the eyes from trauma, managing chronic health conditions, using medications cautiously, and avoiding vigorous eye rubbing.
If the subconjunctival hemorrhage is recurrent, associated with pain, vision changes, or accompanied by other symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions.
In summary, subconjunctival hemorrhage is commonly caused by minor trauma or pressure spikes, usually resolves on its own without treatment, and can be prevented by managing risk factors and protecting the eyes from injury.
It is important to note that diabetes, a risk factor for SCH, does not necessarily lead to diabetic retinopathy in everyone. However, managing blood sugar and blood pressure levels can help reduce the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. In cases where the red spot is the result of a bacterial infection, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops.
References: [1] American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2021). Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. EyeSmart. Retrieved from https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/subconjunctival-hemorrhage-list [2] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/subconjunctival-hemorrhage/symptoms-causes/syc-20354071 [3] American Optometric Association. (2021). Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.aoa.org/documents/xxxxxx/subconjunctival-hemorrhage-fact-sheet.pdf [4] National Eye Institute. (2021). Eye Health Glossary. Retrieved from https://nei.nih.gov/glossary/term/subconjunctival-hemorrhage [5] MedlinePlus. (2021). Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000738.htm
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