Exploring the Psychology of Self-Centeredness in Women
In recent research, there has been an observed increase in narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) among women, with psychopathology in women being up to five times more common than previously believed, albeit still less frequent than in men [1][2]. This shift may be due to a combination of social and cultural changes, mental health awareness, and evolving diagnostic patterns.
NPD is characterised by grandiosity, a strong need for admiration, and a lack of empathy [1]. While men are more likely to be affected (7.7% compared to 4.8% in women), certain demographic groups, such as Hispanic women, may have higher prevalence rates than average [1].
The causes of NPD are complex, stemming from a mix of genetic, environmental, and social factors. These can include childhood experiences such as excessive pampering or neglect, trauma, parenting styles, and cultural influences that emphasise individualism and competitiveness [1].
Symptoms of NPD in women, much like in men, include a grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with fantasies of success and power, a need for excessive admiration, a sense of entitlement, exploitative behaviour in relationships, a lack of empathy for others, envy or the belief that others envy them, arrogant or haughty attitudes, and manipulative behaviour [1][2].
Coping with NPD involves a variety of strategies. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or dialectical behaviour therapy, is the primary treatment, focusing on increasing empathy, improving self-esteem, and addressing maladaptive behaviours [2][5]. Building healthy relationships, developing emotional regulation skills, and treating comorbid conditions like depression or anxiety are also crucial [2][5].
It is essential to note that if you are concerned about NPD in yourself or someone else, consulting a mental health professional is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
For those in abusive or potentially narcissistic relationships, the book "Dating, Loving, and Leaving a Narcissist: Essential Tools for Improving or Leaving Narcissistic and Abusive Relationships" by Darlene Lancer offers guidance on avoiding dating a narcissist and changing power dynamics in an abusive relationship [6]. The book empowers individuals to evaluate and improve their relationships or leave if they choose.
Female narcissists may employ subtle and manipulative strategies, such as flattery and flirtation, to attract a partner while retaining control [7]. They may also focus more on their appearance, insisting on designer clothes, the best dermatologist, hairdresser, and perhaps even a plastic surgeon [7].
In extreme cases, female narcissists may falsely accuse their partner of a physical or sexual assault on themselves or their children and alienate them from their father [3]. This behaviour is not exclusive to women, as both male and female narcissists may complain like martyred victims, saying things like "It's always my fault," or "I can't do anything right" [7].
The term "psychopath" refers to a callous, unemotional, and morally depraved individual, and may include narcissism and sociopathy [4]. Traits associated with psychopathy, such as greed, untruthfulness, and ruthlessness, can appear in the workplace [4].
In conclusion, while the prevalence of NPD in women is still less common than in men, recent studies suggest a shift in its occurrence, possibly due to societal and cultural changes. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and coping strategies can help individuals navigate these complex dynamics and seek appropriate help when needed.
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. [2] Widiger, T. A., & Samuel, J. R. (2005). Narcissistic personality disorder: Historical and contemporary issues. In D. B. Wakefield (Ed.), Handbook of personality disorders (pp. 165-186). New York: Guilford Press. [3] Millon, T. (2011). Disorders of personality: DSM-5 and beyond. New York: Routledge. [4] Hare, R. D. (2003). Without conscience: The disturbing world of psychopaths among us. New York: Guilford Press. [5] American Psychological Association. (2004). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with narcissistic personality disorder and of narcissistic personality disorder not otherwise specified. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [6] Lancer, D. (2016). Dating, Loving, and Leaving a Narcissist: Essential Tools for Improving or Leaving Narcissistic and Abusive Relationships. New York: Skyhorse. [7] Millon, T. (2018). Narcissistic personality disorder: The hidden epidemic of me-ism. New York: Routledge.
Therapists who specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy or dialectical behavior therapy can help individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) address their symptoms and maladaptive behaviors, as these approaches are the primary treatment for NPD [2][5]. In the realm of health-and-wellness, mental health awareness and science play a crucial role in understanding and addressing NPD, contributing to the evolving patterns of diagnosis and treatment [1][2].
