Drug-Eluting Stents Transform CAD Treatment, Reducing Restenosis Risk
A drug-eluting stent (DES), a small metal mesh tube coated with medication, is transforming the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). This innovative device, which releases drugs directly into the artery, is significantly reducing the risk of restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery) and improving heart health outcomes.
CAD occurs when coronary arteries narrow due to plaque buildup, restricting blood flow to the heart. Traditionally, coronary angioplasty with a bare metal stent was used to widen the artery and support the vessel wall. However, about 40% of patients experienced restenosis within six months.
Drug-eluting stents have revolutionized this procedure. Coated with antiproliferative drugs like sirolimus or everolimus, these stents release medication directly into the artery over approximately six months. This targeted drug delivery prevents scar tissue formation and promotes good blood flow to the heart, reducing the restenosis rate to less than 10%.
While drug-eluting stents have proven highly effective, they do carry risks. These include allergic reactions, kidney damage, bleeding, clotting, damage to blood vessels, infection, abnormal heart rhythm, and in rare cases, heart attack or stroke. To mitigate these risks and protect heart health, managing risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and being overweight through a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking if applicable, is crucial.
Drug-eluting stents, with their targeted medication release, are a significant advancement in CAD treatment. They offer a less invasive alternative to coronary bypass surgery with a faster recovery time. By preventing restenosis and promoting good blood flow, they are helping more people maintain healthy hearts and reduce the risk of heart attacks.
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