Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Causes and Risk Factors
Breast and ovarian cancer share some serious connections, mostly due to genetic factors, in particular, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes are involved in DNA repair, and their mutations can boost the risk of both cancers.
Women with a BRCA1 mutation face a significant increase in the likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancer, compared to those with a BRCA2 mutation. By the age of 80, the risk for breast cancer is around 72% for BRCA1 carriers and 69% for BRCA2 carriers. For ovarian cancer, the risk is about 44% for BRCA1 carriers and 17% for BRCA2 carriers.
A family history of either breast or ovarian cancer also amplifies the risk of developing these cancers. Other hormonal and environmental factors may be related to both cancers as well.
Individuals who have had breast cancer might face an increased risk of ovarian cancer. The risk is even higher for women with BRCA mutations, where the 10-year actuarial risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after breast cancer is around 12.7%.
Similarly, the risk of breast cancer may be elevated in women with a history of ovarian cancer, especially those with BRCA mutations.
Besides genetic factors, modifiable risk factors include achieving and maintaining a moderate weight, regular physical activity, limiting alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with a doctor.
People at high risk of ovarian cancer include those who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, endometriosis, never been pregnant, had a late first pregnancy, age over 40 years, and other factors.
Regular screenings, shaped by genetic testing, can help monitor signs of another cancer and improve outcomes for those at higher risk. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial in improving outcomes.
For those carrying genetic mutations, doctors may consider additional options such as prophylactic surgeries to remove organs or tissues to prevent the occurrence or spread of cancer.
While there may be a link between hormonal factors and the risk of breast cancer, the influence on ovarian cancer is less certain. It is essential to stay vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer after a previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer.
Stay informed with our dedicated cancer hub for more evidence-based information on breast and ovarian cancer.
If you have any questions, it's always a good idea to speak with your healthcare team for personalized guidance.
- Women with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene have a higher risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer compared to those with a BRCA2 mutation.
- By the age of 80, the risk for breast cancer is around 72% for BRCA1 carriers, and for ovarian cancer, it's about 44%.
- A family history of either breast or ovarian cancer also increases the risk of developing these cancers.
- Individuals who have had breast cancer might face an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and the risk is even higher for women with BRCA mutations.
- Similarly, the risk of breast cancer may be elevated in women with a history of ovarian cancer, especially those with BRCA mutations.
- Modifiable risk factors for both cancers include achieving and maintaining a moderate weight, regular physical activity, limiting alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with a doctor.
