2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine Honors Trio's Work on Immune Tolerance
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Fred Ramsdell, Mary Brunckow, and Shimon Sakaguchi. The trio was recognised for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance.
Shimon Sakaguchi, based in Japan, was the first to make a significant contribution in 1995. He discovered a class of immune cells that shield the body from autoimmune diseases. These cells, known as regulatory T cells, control other immune cells and play a crucial role in maintaining balance in the immune system.
In 2001, Fred Ramsdell and Mary Brunckow, currently residing near San Francisco, USA, found a mutation in the Foxp3 gene in mice. This gene is essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells. Their discovery, along with Sakaguchi's work, has led to the development of methods for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer. Some of these treatments are now in clinical trials. Ramsdell, a scientific advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, is believed to be near San Francisco, while his current whereabouts remain unknown, possibly in the Idaho wilderness. The Nobel Committee had difficulty reaching Brunckow due to time differences.
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine highlights the importance of the laureates' discoveries in understanding and treating autoimmune diseases and cancer. Their work on peripheral immune tolerance has opened new avenues for therapeutic approaches, with some treatments already in clinical trials.
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